The first arc in the history of the Greater United States, concerning western territories, is obviously central to any telling of U.S. history, and has been since at least Frederick Jackson Turners frontier thesis. <>>>
In that decade, his followers bombed numerous federal buildings (including the governors mansion) and assassinated Puerto Ricos chief of police. Manua was annexed in 1904, then added to American Samoa. Many of the most important books have been edited collections: Amy Kaplan and Donald Pease, eds., Cultures of United States Imperialism (Durham, NC, 1993); Frances Negrn-Muntaner and Ramn Grosfoguel, eds., Puerto Rico Jam: Rethinking Colonialism and Nationalism (Minneapolis, MN, 1997); Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives (Durham, NC, 2003); Catherine Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire: The Global Struggle against U.S. Military Posts (New York, 2009); Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, eds., Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (Madison, WI, 2009); and Alyosha Goldstein, ed., Formations of United States Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2014). Albizu presents something of a puzzle. 38, Yet from its territorial apex, the United States did something unprecedented. At lower right: Atlantic Souvenir for 1829. Rather, we encounter the United States as something new: a dynamic and heterogeneous polity, with borders shifting throughout North America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, and the Pacific. This purchase ended Russia's presence in North America and ensured U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim. Texas. Summary, Has The Organization Managements Played Part In Increase In Information Risk In The Modern World 1 David Rumsey Map Collection. A helpful account of the Wisconsin School is Morgans Into New Territory . Zone in Austria (2,650): John D. Hilldring, American Policy in Occupied Areas (Washington, DC: 1947), 24; U.S. Includes notes and statistics table including population and distances. In the 1840s and 1850s, US leaders saw Cuba's strategic importance Annexation by the United States Read .
United States Maps: Acquisition of Territory; Expansionism diss., University of Chicago, 2014). 46, The War on Terror has drawn our attention to how crucial small overseas sites can be to the projection of power. chemical weapon disposal site, Purchased from Russia
More about Copyright and other Restrictions. Its not hard to see why book jacket designers are so fond of that trope, as it actually captures a great deal of the argument. 29 Its remarkable, in fact, how many key figures in U.S. history sojourned in the overseas territories. 10511898, section 2, Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueos, Hunter College, CUNY. The highest office in the U.S. Army is chief of staff, established in 1903. Books appeared with intriguing titles: The Greater Republic (1899), The Greater United States (1904), and seven books whose titles contained the phrase Greater America published in the decade following the 1898 war. silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. 1848. Theodore Friend writes that at least 500,000 Filipinos, 300,000 Japanese, and 40,000 mainlanders were killed in Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 19291946 (New Haven, CT, 1965), 267.
United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States 22. Despite the obvious relevance of territorial issues to the most important events of the nineteenth centuryit was the question of slavery in the territories that sparked the Civil Warwe nevertheless find it easy to conceive of territories as embryonic states, and thus to touch only lightly on their subjugated status. 34 Manila, the sixth-largest city in the United States (substantially larger than Boston or Washington, D.C.), was decimated. You wont find him anywhere in the Oxford History of the United States , the New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations , or any of the major textbooksincluding those, like Howard Zinns Peoples History of the United States and James W. Loewens Lies My Teacher Told Me , explicitly designed to give voice to suppressed histories. The recent monographic literature is large; but see especially Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and the Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, CT, 1998); Louis A. Prez, The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography (Chapel Hill, NC, 1998); Mary A. Renda, Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Puerto Rican scholars have written a great deal about Albizu, who is a towering figure in Puerto Rican culture. It was but one in a long chain of violent acts undertaken by Puerto Rican nationalists under the leadership of Pedro Albizu Campos, arguably the most important domestic opponent of the U.S. empire in the twentieth century. 16. In 2000, the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York was dedicated to Albizu (and to the struggle of Vieques against the U.S. Navy). Neil Smith, American Empire: Roosevelts Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization (Berkeley, CA, 2003), 16. The 18981899 annexations showed U.S. thinkers their country from a new perspective. Then there is the Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos High School in the mass-produced suburb of Levittown. Counting Negroes on the mainland, American Samoa, Hawai'i, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Alaska; nonwhites in Puerto Rico; Negro and Negro-mixed in the Panama Canal Zone; and no one in the Philippines and Guam (for which racial breakdowns were not incorporated into the U.S. census) places U.S. blacks at 8.85% of the population. of 1783 following military victory, Purchased from France
Interior, Leased from Panama for $10 million, plus $250,000
The books in this collection are in the public domain and are free to use and reuse. 3. The Oregon Treaty with Great Britain. Certainly, many inhabitants of the territories have regarded U.S. rule as illegitimate and seen themselves as inhabitants of, for example, the Hawaiian nation rather than of the United States. But that fact can overshadow the territorial purgatory that future states occupied for long periods. 9; Lauren B. Hirshbergs dissertation about Kwajalein island and neighboring Ebeye, Targeting Kwajalein: U.S. . In 1857, the United States began annexing guano islandsuninhabited islands possessing valuable fertilizer. 41. In popular memory, it remains the good war, a war focused mainly on the goal of stopping Hitlers crusade through Europe. It featured a clean division between home front and battlefield and left the United States largely unscathed, with the sole and notable exception of the attack on Hawaii at Pearl Harbor. 3 0 obj
Besides the above, see especially Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (Berkeley, CA, 1990); Katharine H. S. Moon, Sex among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.Korea Relations (New York, 1997); McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest ; Maria Hhn, GIs and Frauleins: The German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002); Ji-Yeon Yuh, Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America (New York, 2002); Petra Goedde, GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 19451959 (New Haven, CT, 2003); Mark L. Gillem, America Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis, MN, 2007); Masumichi S. Inoue, Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization (New York, 2007); Harvey Neptune, Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007); Steven High, Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 19401967 (New York, 2009); Lipman, Guantnamo ; Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire ; David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton, NJ, 2009); Maria Hhn and Seungsook Moon, eds., Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire from World War Two to the Present (Durham, NC, 2010); Amy Austin Holmes, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945 (Cambridge, 2014); Sasha Davis, The Empires Edge: Militarization, Resistance, and Transcending Hegemony in the Pacific (Athens, GA, 2015); and Vine, Base Nation . 6 Although this is strange to contemplate, we are now as chronologically distant from that book as that book was from the Philippine-American War. Relief shown by hachures. Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. This has been a common response of cities to urbanization in neighboring areas. Once again, the Greater United States is coming into view. 1959, Annexation of independent republic; Statehood 1959, Acquired with Hawaii; under the jurisdiction of the
That was undoubtedly less than lived in the world-straddling British Empire, where there were roughly ten colonial subjects for every inhabitant of the British Isles. Baker Island Howland Island . In 1960, the non-state population including D.C. was 2.6% and it stayed between 1% and 3% thereafter. Consider Williamss Empire as a Way of Life , a 226-page survey of U.S. imperial ambitions that engages in no substantive discussion of any overseas territory.
Greater United States: Territory and Empire in U.S. History of the United States, Geography 20
Imperialism and the United States Alaska Hawaii Reasons But we speak less of another anticolonial revolt that broke out in another part of the world.
APUSH- United sates Acquisitions and Annexations ch. Sources and figures (in thousands): South Korea (17,917), the Philippines (18,228), and Japan (76,224): Maddison Project Database, January 2013 update, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, www/ggdc.net/maddison ; Hawaii (815), Alaska (138), Puerto Rico (2,071), and the U.S. Virgin Islands (27): Current Population Reports , Series P-25, No. Daniel Immerwahr, The Greater United States: Territory and Empire in U.S. History , Diplomatic History, Volume 40, Issue 3, June 2016, Pages 373391, https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhw009, March 1954 is a month diplomatic historians know well. 161. Overseas empire usually appears in textbooks as an episodea single chapter, set in 1898rather than as an enduring feature. All rights reserved. The mission of the historical office is to collect, preserve, and present the history of the Office of . Gadsden Purchase.
The Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) dates to 1949. 10 It is true that many of the currentinsular possessions of the United States are extraordinarily small (Wake Island: population 150; Swains Island: population 17). After all, many groups have contested U.S. rule, from Southern confederates to black nationalists. xTnI}nw(qA0!`%vl@$;;cTT\\^>HBJJI^IFBUv;_A?HP//4 p"1 Williams and the many historians working in his long shadow have always happily acknowledged the colonies that the United States took. If this comes as news to you, youre in good company. Imperial maps are discussed in Susan Schulten, The Geographical Imagination in America, 18801950 (Chicago, IL, 2001), 3844, 17680. Annexation of independent republic. 11 Nearly thirteen percent of its populace lived in its overseas colonies. Kate Zernike, A Palin Joined Alaskan Third Party, Just Not Sarah Palin, New York Times , September 3, 2008. 12. Today, we are in a similar position. As one of the justices summarized the logic, the Constitution was the supreme law of the land, but the territories were not part of the land. 20, The result of all thisthe erasure of the colonies from the map, the references to the Greater United States growing scarce, the Courts expulsion of the territories from the landwas the reassertion of an understanding of the United States as a nation-state. To get a better sense of this, consider the historiographic fate of the Philippines, the largest U.S. colony by an order of magnitude, in our most prominent historical journals. It languished as a territory for 104 years between annexation and statehood. 2007-228. It would be easy to round those points down to zero, just as it has been easy to round the western territories up to states. endobj
44, The United States has shifted away from the large land annexations of the nineteenth century to an empire consisting largely of islands and overseas bases: a pointillist empire. 12. I am here counting Washington, D.C., among the states, even though it is a district, not a state, and lacks the full rights that states have. 36. It is tempting to think that the overseas territories can be safely dismissed in this way because they were small and remote. following military victory; independent in 1946, Annexed following military victory over Spain, Annexed in settlement with Britain
Profile of the Erie Canal, notes, and illustration in lower margin. CLASS Discussion Board 5: The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez Diplomatic History used to be like that. 5 (2011): 134891. The revolt touched eight cities. Acquisition: An acquisition is a corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of another firm's ownership stakes to assume control of it. They hung on classroom walls. Fone Later L AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN IN 14 W 10 W IN W analyze this Document (notes), Home About Services Privacy Reviews Login, Copyright 2023 Academic Cave | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, Click one of our contacts below to chat on WhatsApp. Passage to statehood did come quickly in some cases, such as gold-rush California. References [ edit] ^ "Milestones: 1801-1829 - Office of the Historian". : The Evolution of Territoriality in American Law (Oxford, 2009); and Gerald L. Neuman and Tomiko Brown-Nagin, eds., Reconsidering the Insular Cases: The Past and Future of American Empire (Cambridge, MA, 2015). * I am grateful to Alvita Akiboh, Michael Allen, Daniel Bessner, Brooke Blower, Michael Falcone, John Immerwahr, Julia Irwin, Aaron OConnell, Andrew Preston, Daniel Sargent, and the Huntington Library Long-Term Fellows Working Group for their thoughts on this essay and to Christopher Capozzola for introducing me to the term Greater United States.. Vendor: Bernard J. Shapero Books (London) Acquisitions control no.
PDF Chapter 10 If you do factor them in, you start to notice some important features of the war, features often neglected in the telling of it. In the Philippines, the United States abandoned its initial strategy of engaging Japanese forces on the ground for one of bombing and shelling suspected Japanese targets from afar. Cover title. The territorial governor of Alaska, Ernest Gruening, saw it that way, and drafted a book in 1954 entitled Alaska is a Colony (never published, but held in the Ernest Gruening Papers, box 754, folder 316, Alaska and Polar Regions Department, Archives and Manuscripts, University of AlaskaFairbanks).