Viscotek GmbH, Europe. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Dextran Fractions. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. Polymer molecular weight distribution. 4K, b M.W. The site is secure. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Colloid Polym. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. ; Garca de , J. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Pharm Res. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. (2004). Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Masuelli, M. A. Before Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. 2012;87(6):1728. WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Google Scholar. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. Drug Deliv. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Pharmacol Pharm. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. Exp Cell Res. Thermo Fisher Scientific. Cookies policy. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Chem. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. ; van Nostrum, C.F. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Format), Citation-(BibTeX
De Belder, A. N. (2001). Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. Pharm Res. Study of temperature influence. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Citation-(RIS
Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Careers. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. AATEX. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. 2011;16(2):518. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Chem. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). The Mark-Houwink. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. TEWL measurements were performed before and 30min after microporation. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. Proc of SPIE. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. (1999). The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. (2007). Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. Viswanath, D.S. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). Expert Rev Med Devices. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. This conjecture found to be correct. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. ; Prasad, D.H.L. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Saudi Pharm J. Food Sci Biotechnol. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. 2015;32(5):170413. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. California Privacy Statement, It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. MeSH terms Learn More. The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Privacy Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. Charge: Anionic. SWC designed and coordinated the research. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). Biomaterials. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. (2006). Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. 2000;3(9):31826. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. (2007). Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. MeSH Springer Editions. 4K and M.W. The .gov means its official. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 2012;3(1):208. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. (1958). Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Accessibility Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Ioan, C.E. Macromolecules. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Banga AK. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. Pathan IB, Setty CM. J. Braz. ; Fran, H.P. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1),
Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. (2003). Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior.