characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

In addition, some of Ethiopias cash crops show potential for growth and offer possible investment opportunities in areas such as coffee, oilseeds, pulses, fruits and vegetables, honey, cut flowers, tea, and spices. Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) Ethiopia: Urban Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation - allAfrica.com As a result, a number of Indian entrepreneurs are relocating to Ethiopia to develop its thriving flower industry which has led to gains in market share at the expense of neighboring countries. Some estimates indicated that yields on peasant farms were higher than those on state farms. Top 3 Trade Partners (2021): China, India, and United States. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. Furthermore, cropping has become more intensive and needs more labour; the establishment of exclosures and the expansion of cropland have led to less grazing grounds. About three-quarters of the total sheep flock is in the highlands, whereas lowland pastoralists maintain about three-quarters of the goat herd. The government nationalized rural land without compensation, abolished tenancy, forbade the hiring of wage labor on private farms, ordered all commercial farms to remain under state control, and granted each peasant family so-called "possessing rights" to a plot of land not to exceed ten hectares. In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread-baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. Additional investment opportunities are expected in the textile and garment sector as well as cotton production. The contributions of agriculture in Ethiopia. Ethiopia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank [7], Ethiopia's estimated livestock population is often said to be the largest in Africa. Land use function 2 2.2. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. <i>Results . The Ethiopian Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Enterprise, which handled about 75 percent of Ethiopia's exports of fruits and vegetables in 198485, had to receive government subsidies because of losses. Though the raising of livestock always has been largely a subsistence activity,[22] intensive, factory farm facilities are gaining in popularity and are present in Addis Ababa and Debre Zeit, run by Ethiopian agribusiness ELFORA. This includes: bolstering smallholder farmers productivity, enhancing marketing systems, upgrading participation of private sector, increasing volume of irrigated land and curtailing amount of households with inadequate food. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. They are sticky when wet, hard when dry, and difficult to work. As a result, up to 200,000 Ethiopians perished. An estimated 85 percent of the . Finally, although the production cost of pulses and oilseeds continued to rise, the government's price control policy left virtually unchanged the official procurement price of these crops, thus substantially reducing net income from them. Recurring drought takes a heavy toll on the animal population, although it is difficult to determine the extent of losses. [7] Despite government efforts, farmers responded less than enthusiastically. Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. Food as a most essential good 3 2.5. The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. Three factors contributed to the decline in the relative importance of pulses and oilseeds. These activities have contributed to higher yields and increased production of both crops and livestock. Top 3 Exported Goods (2021): Coffee & Spices, Vegetables, and Oil Seeds. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. Available data on crop production show that land reform and the various government rural programs had a minimal impact on increasing the food supply, as production levels displayed considerable fluctuations and low growth rates at best. Under the current administration, the GOE has renewed its emphasis to develop the agriculture sector, ensure food security, and achieve import substition. Farming In Ethiopia, Agriculture Crops, Livestock However, rural households are still faced with severe food insecurity and malnutrition. The AMC set quotas of grain purchases to be delivered by peasant associations and cooperatives and also bought from private wholesalers, who were required to sell half of their purchases at predetermined prices. Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 46% of GDP and 85% of total employment. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. Almost the entire rural population was involved in some way with animal husbandry, whose role included the provision of draft power, food, cash, transportation, fuel, and, especially in pastoral areas, social prestige. Almost all farming tools in Ethiopia are traditional and made from different types of wood. Coffee grows wild in many parts of the country, although most Ethiopian coffee is produced in the Oromia Region (63.7%) and in the SNNPR (34.4%), with lesser amounts in the Gambela Region and around the city of Dire Dawa. Among the overall agricultural output produced by an Ethiopian family farm, only 21 percent are sold, highlighting the subsistence-oriented nature of the country's smallholders. Grain imports are almost exclusively limited to wheat, nearly all of which the GOEs state-trading arm (i.e., Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation) purchases off the international market and later distributes in the local market at a subsidized price. Individual poultry farms supply eggs and meat to urban dwellers. Agricultural inputs, seeds, machinery and equipment used in cotton production. The sunrise marks the beginning of the day and the sunset marks the end of the day. Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Data and Statistics - Knoema Agriculture is defined as the purposeful tending of animals and plants.It provides: basic food supplies for the population; raw materials like cotton, sugar cane, oil seeds, etc. For the foreseeable future, the demand for cotton is expected to outstrip local supplies, making imports necessary. Feed manufacturing, feed ingredients and feed milling equipment. In the highlands, oxen provided draft power in crop production. The Awash River basin supports many large-scale commercial farms and several irrigated small farms. This is a best prospect for Ethiopia. areas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhere it is practiced on traditional lines. [17], Cotton is grown throughout Ethiopia below elevations of about 1,400 meters. To make matters worse, during the 1972-74 drought and famine the imperial government refused to assist rural Ethiopians and tried to cover up the crisis by refusing international aid. Niger seed is found mostly in the northern and central highlands at elevations between 1,800 and 2,500 meters. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Milk and dairy processing, and supporting equipment and systems. "Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers." Camels also play a key role as pack animals in areas below 1,500 meters in elevation. Source: Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) (Total Exports). The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . Skip to Article Content; Skip to Article Information; Search within. Title. The soil was equilibrated with pH 7.5 buffer solution whereby reserve H is brought into the solution, which results in depression of pH which will be made and . Section D. Section D. To examine the current situation on the use of agricultural technologies by . This government-led outreach, combined with low labor and electricity costs, has already yielded fruits with a number of Turkish, Indian, Chinese, Indonesian and other foreign firms opening businesses in Ethiopia in recent years. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? It accounts for nearly 80% of the land under cultivation and employs 60% of the rural workforce, most of which work on less than one hectare of land. The contribution of agriculture to growth in the manufacturing and services sectors was not significant between 1978 and 1998. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. Land Use Distribution and Change in Lake Tana Sub Basin -- 23. In view of this, a study was conducted to characterize the landscape features and related biophysical settings and to identify the local soil . Resultantly there has been significant uptake of resistant wheat varieties among Ethiopian farmers since 2014. Of an estimated 750,000 hectares of private commercial farms in operation at the time of the 1975 land proclamation, 67,000 hectares were converted into State Farms that, beginning in 1979, were operated by a new Ministry of State Farms. [30] These tools includes sickle, pick axe, plough shaft, ploughshare, plow, beam and animal force as a machines. The report includes the market size, recent trends, industry statistics, and analysis. There was much debate as to whether or not these reforms were genuine and how effectively they could be implemented. During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. Yet agriculture is the country's most promising resource. Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. Farming In Ethiopia, Agriculture Crops, Livestock The GOE has an ambitious plan to attain wheat self-sufficiency and halt importations. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming . Ethiopia - Socioeconomic Survey 2013-2014 - World Bank Agricultural systems in Ethiopia - ScienceDirect Grain consumption, especially for wheat and wheat-based products like bread and pasta, continues to climb as incomes rise and more people move to urban centers. In 1971 the Ministry of Agriculture introduced the Minimum Package Program (MPP) to bring about economic and social changes. During Derg rule, veterinary stations were opened at Bahir Dar, Bedele, and Bishoftu to provide treatment and vaccination services. [7], Inaccessibility, water shortages, and infestations of disease-causing insects, mainly mosquitoes, prevented the use of large parcels of potentially productive land. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. With support from the African Development Banks agricultural Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation program. A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Characteristics of Agriculture | PDF | Intensive Farming - Scribd Commercial agriculture using the river basins, such as the Awash Basin, is a recent phenomenon. It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. Role Agriculture in Ethiopian economy. Agricultural sample survey. Volume II, Report on livestock and Challenges of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Ethiopia. Agriculture. Ethiopia Agriculture Market Analysis - Industry Report - Trends, Size Fresh fruits, including citrus and bananas, as well as fresh and frozen vegetables, became important export items, but their profitability was marginal. After 1975 the revolutionary government used peasant associations to accelerate conservation work throughout rural areas. The Tendaho Cotton Plantation in the lower Awash Valley was one of Ethiopia's largest cotton plantations. Agriculture in Ethiopia. [7], Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. fINTENSIVE FARMING. In addition to red meat, there are emerging opportunities in chicken, egg, and dairy production and processing. Home [www.eiar.gov.et] Research on the constraints, characteristics, and performance of the enterprise sector in low-income countries is often constrained by scarcity . [7], President Mengistu's 1990 decision to allow free movement of goods, to lift price controls, and to provide farmers with security of tenure was designed to reverse the decline in Ethiopia's agricultural sector. Includes a market overview and trade data. The program later facilitated the establishment of similar internationally supported and financed projects at Ada'a Chukala (just south of Addis Ababa), Welamo, and Humera. Effects of liming and different land use types on phosphorus sorption Vertisols are very important soils in Ethiopian agriculture. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. In the 1980s, as part of an effort to increase production and to improve the cultivation and harvesting of coffee, the government created the Ministry of Coffee and Tea Development (now the ECTA), which was responsible for production and marketing. There is considerable room for investment when considering that about 95 percent of Ethiopias crop production is rain fed. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley) are the core of Ethiopia's agriculture and food economy, accounting for about [7], Pulses are the second most important element in the national diet and a principal protein source. to industries; export crops, from whose sales industries infrastructure and the like may be established; and . "National Statistical Abstract. the agriculture sector in Ethiopia relies to a greater extent on availability of suitable land, moisture, climatic . [7], Cattle in Ethiopia are almost entirely of the zebu type and are poor sources of milk and meat. 1401 Constitution Ave NW In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. >. In the 20062007 EFY hides, skins and leather products made up 7.5% of the total export value; live animals accounted for 3.1% of the total value of exports during the same period. There are also expanding opportunities for grocery sales to retail and wholesale outlets that are starting to spring up all over Addis Ababa. Blue Nile makes about 80% by volume of the Great Nile River. Background and Objective: Detailed characterization of bio-physical resources in agricultural landscapes and documenting locally used soil fertility management practices is required for developing site-specific management scenarios in the study area. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. The 1977 famine also provided an impetus to promote conservation. By 1976 coffee exports had recovered, and in the five years ending in 198889, 44% of the coffee grown was exported, accounting for about 63% of the value of exports. Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture Agriculture dominates the Ethiopian economy, accounting for about 50 percent of its GDP and 82 percent of its employment. Primarily, growth in the market should reach 8.1 percent per year during this time frame. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. The main objective of this review is to indicate the policy gaps in terms of access . The Blue Nile River. The combined pressure of crop and livestock production and the ever-increasing human f AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA 285 population on the land in this farming system is high. In addition, it is hoped that the number of key crops are doubled from 18.1m metric to 39.5m metric tonnes. Agriculture in Ethiopia | Infomineo This growth is expected to create investment and trade opportunities for certain commodities and open doors for veterinary and other livestock services. [7] Multinational agribusinesses supply these industrial poultry farms with high yielding breeds, such as Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Matou, P., Y. Todo, et al. ", Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research website, "National Growth and Transformation Plan", "Ethiopia's transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting", "Press release: Rust-resistant bread wheat varieties widely adopted in Ethiopia, study shows CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT", "Livestock Sample Survey (AgLVS 2006), version 1.0", USGC Reps Meet With Ethiopian Feed Industry to Assess Market Barriers, "Ethiopia, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor", "Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1140777650, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture - ECHEMI Assess the effect of the main factors of Ethiopia crop production (land, labor & capital) in general and cereal production in particular. <i>Methods</i>. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. According to Ethiopia farming, this ploughing the land to prepare the soil for sow requires around two quarter of a year. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. Regular and reliable harvests helped generate stable tax income that led to relatively strong governmental structures that were ultimately the reason that Ethiopia was the only country not to be colonized in the late-nineteenth century Scramble for Africa apart from Liberia.