[ in the second fundamental form for a surface (Equation (123) in[11]): e, f, and g are elements of the shape tensor: n In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Multiplyin. The typical Earth radius (RE) can also be comparable to about 6,371 kilometers (km) (an SI unit of length), or 3,440 maritime miles (nmi) (a maritime unit of length), or roughly 3,959 miles (mi) or 20,902,231 ft (foot), that are US customary / Imperial units of length. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? A meter is a meter, no matter what your zoom level is. The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. For best results, the minimum radius of the geofence should be set between 100 - 150 meters. , 2013-09-16 00:47:38. A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy. 371 106 m), the bottom unit of length within the Worldwide System of Units (SI). Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? [4], The variation in density and crustal thickness causes gravity to vary across the surface and in time, so that the mean sea level differs from the ellipsoid. 06. Initially, the idea of a reference ellipsoid was an ellipsoid that best approximated mean ocean level. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. In Eratosthenes case, the distance was 787 kilometers, so for him, the following relation applied: where x = the circumference of the Earth in kilometers. N , The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. Earth radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. Hence the required distance is. Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. = A How much is a trillion in scientific notation? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It does not store any personal data. Earth radius at sea level is 6378. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \lambda }}} for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. This implies that for a given mass and velocity, a large centripetal force causes a small radius of curvaturethat is, a tight curve, as in (Figure). Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. Also see the Table of Physical Units and Constants. Asteroids range in size from Vesta - the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter - to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. Lunar night time is also about two weeks long, during which the moon's temperature plummets to -208 degrees F (-130 C, 140 K) according to NASA. The radius of a parallel of latitude is given by Now we know 2 things- 1. r . As an example, we will use Eratosthenes measurements. The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). Since the estimate by Eratosthenes, many models have been created. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. An Enormous, Unknown Cambrian Bug Fossil Has Been Discovered within the Eerie Burgess Shale, Ancient Tracks May Be The Oldest Hominin Footprints Ever Found, Scientists Say, By 2500, Earth Will Be Alien To Humans If We Dont Act Now, Scientists Warn, Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, Topics Related to Circumference of the Earth. find the radius of mars. {\displaystyle r} This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! There are two principal radii of curvature: along the meridional and prime-vertical normal sections. As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole. Step 2 of 5. 149597870700 meters nearly This is 10-sd (significant digits) approximation. It is 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) at the poles and 6371.001 km (3958.756 mi) on average. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Point on the ellipsoid surface can be defined by the parametric curve equation. What is the radius of Earth in meters? The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid. What is the permiter of the Earth? Earths rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Then convert km - m. 1 km = 1000 m. 12 756 km = ? The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. Where R is the radius of the Earth. The Earth's Gaussian radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. One reason that our program is so strong is that our . The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. It is with the values I gave you. [ 1. Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. Other ways to define and measure the Earth radius involve the radius of curvature. And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Eratosthenes methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? (e) For that Earth 1/q 289, that is near to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298. to the plane tangent at What is the number in scientific notation? Eratosthenes' methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. Exponential or Scientific Notation: It is easier to write very large numbers such as 100,000,000 as 10 8 (1 followed by 8 0s). , In physics, it is established that the acceleration due togravity, g (in meters/sec 2), at a height h meters abovesea level is given by g(h)= 3.99 *10 14 (6.374* 10 6 + h) 2 where 6.374 * 10 6 isthe radius of the Earth in meters. A: . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). The actual radius of the earth is 6,378.1 kilometers at the equator, but the radius varies because the earth is a somewhat flattened sphere. All Right Reserved. This is the outside layer of the earth and is made of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes was able to mathematically calculate the earths diameter by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. E Q4. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. The first and second radii of curvature correspond, respectively, to the Earth's meridional and prime-vertical radii of curvature. = {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pJ} }^{\mathrm {N} }} The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The first published reference to the Earth's size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens[19] that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. Required fields are marked *. Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. {\displaystyle e} Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). As the parallels run east and west, places having the same latitude will be due east or due west of each other. Step 3 of 5. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). When the Moon is the farthest away, it's 252,088 miles away. Answer: Starter The radius of the moon is 1,737,000 meters. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. Her latest book, "A Travel for Taste: Germany," was published in 2015. After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earths surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. = The Earth's polar radius of curvature (either meridional or prime-vertical) is: The principal curvatures are the roots of Equation (125) in:[11]. example R = earthRadius (lengthUnit) returns the mean radius of the Earth using the length unit specified by lengthUnit. Record the measurements. The value for the equatorial radius is defined to the nearest 0.1m in WGS-84. B It has an average density of 5.5 g/cm3. So, for him the following relationship between objects will apply: 7.2 / 360 = 787 / x. = Measurement of Earths circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. Use scientific notation to show the above value of the radius. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 7564mi). [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). This idea predates satellite-based geodesy by centuries. When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. 756 mi) on average. Now that the radius of orbit has been found, the height above the earth can be calculated. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies.
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