It could go maybe 65 mph tops. This must be the Astros counterpart from across the pond, the English 1974-1986 Bedford TM. Three of the sixteen-footers were completed and used for testing and promotions; this catalog picture depicts the very same boat seen above, only twenty-two years earlier. Every once in awhile Ill see one sitting on a back lot. The Astro/Titan design is so timeless I think they could be parked next to the newest trucks built today and not look out of place. This is not one of them. So they dumped their interests in such things as snowmobiles and recreational craft, going hard after that one market they felt was most lucrative. The cabover is one of the most unique interiors weve found. One legacy of the Astro is the windshields. Restoration completed recently. Heres the (much older and smaller) Bedford TK: So the length issue wasnt so important anymore. Diesel (unable to determine engine model, but based on serial number would have a Detroit 8v71). My Dad drove so many of these, his knees still rattle and shake! Loved it when trucks had real character. Now for those of you who have seen dbl bunk Astro's yes there were some after market dbl bunk conversions. Beat me to itthe White was clearly an Astro rip-off, although there isnt exactly a lot of leeway with big COE trucks in making them look distinctive, at least in the idiom of that time. You always had to check the interior before flopping one of these things open, you never know what you may come across, but a coffee cup was enough to take out a windshield. Production ran from 1969 until late 1987, when GM merged their heavy truck operation with Volvo/White the Astro 95 was replaced by the Volvo version of the White Road Commander II, probably a step backward. The GMC Astro and Chevrolet Titan are Class 8 cabover-engine (COE) trucks, sold in both single and tandem rear axle configurations. before, and some were cut as cost-savings. For more information on the last new
Visibility. The other cabovers weve seen have white cabooses. $182.00 . Super trucks for local work, but not well suited for long haul trucking. Not a bad days work. Updated: Sat, April 10, 2021 5:09 PM Get Shipping Quotes - (Opens in a new tab) Apply for Financing - (Opens in a new tab) No image. The International was brand new when I got it 1978, had a 290 Cummins and 10 speed Roadranger transmission. These continued to remain as GMC's main class
Manufacturer. Visibility was not very good and made life tough in some of the tight spots in the old cities and towns I delivered to. Tires are good. This is because they are usually made of steel, and they are also available in other materials, such as plastic. Nothing on earth sounds as good to me as a screamin Jimmy Diesel. These rigs are true classics for sure. Condition. It did the job but no one ever confused it with a Peterbilt or a Kenworth. Its design was cleaner and slicker than the Transtar. You can read the full disclosure policy, which is pretty dull, but here it is. Speaking of aluminum, perhaps the strangest item offered for bids was the right to sweep the floorswhich the auctioneer claimed would yield barrels worth of aluminum shavings if done correctly. All in all the Astro proved the old adage that you get what you pay for. One summer day I lost one of the rear ends coming in off the highway. I could have sworn I took several of the truck Ill be attempting to feature below, but for some reason I am unable to find them. Here are some comments sent in from truckers. The GMC Astro (also known as the Chevrolet Titan) is a heavy-duty cabover truck that was manufactured by the GMC Truck and Coach Division of General Motors from the 1969 to 1987 model years. We/I cant go anywhere without people coming out with cameras and cell phones to take pictures of my truck. The H model was a redesign of the semi-cabover design, with a more rounded look as the GMCs at the
[1] Although Detroit Diesel had developed a gas-turbine version of the GMC Astro in the early 1970s, fuel-economy concerns would keep it out of production. Feed Body, model unknown cabover The faster you repair your semi-truck, the faster it gets on the road and keeps on moving your business forward. Browse the best December 2022 deals on Chevrolet Astro vehicles for sale in Provo, UT. One could update the grille and headlights and the Astro 2.0 wouldnt look out of place today in a lineup of new trucks on the dealer lot. I had wanted to grab the ice cream sundaeas a souvenir, too, but someone else beat me to it. International Cabover A 1974 model, powered by Cummins 400, 13 speed transmission, owned by Mark Johnson. Also in common with GM products of the day Astros didnt age well, particularly inside the cab. It took a while for me to warm up to that oneI thought it was tacky when I first saw it, but apparently the secretaries got a kick out of watching peoples reactions. To get in the sleeper bunk the driver of the rig must crawl through a hole. Cochran Auctioneers & Associates LTD Boonsboro, Maryland 21713 Phone: (301) 739-0538 Email Seller Video Chat Werent the other two trucks Internationals? These two galsno idea who they aremade frequent appearances in company literature. i have being looking for a astro or titan would you be interested in selling one. A collection of trucker tips from million milers and experienced drivers. I might have even worked on this one. It is neither inferred nor implied that any item sold by TRUCKiD.com is a product authorized by or in any way connected with any vehicle manufacturers displayed on this page. They had great visibility though. Theres something very nostalgic about seeing these rigs on the road today. Having already acquired White Motor Company in 1980, the joint venture would do business as Volvo GM Heavy Truck Corporation, selling trucks under the combined WhiteGMC product badge. - YouTube 0:00 / 0:53 1986 GMC Astro cabover day cab. Our mechanic seems to look at the Brigadiers the way you do. I also have a soft spot for the Astro along with the Brigadeir and General. Model. Somewhere on the back roads near Pine City, MN, as I recall cant give more detail than that without actually retracing my steps. 94, with LT1 power, velour seating, and a trunk rack. If these were being built in the late 70s, they werent that much before my time yet I cant remember ever seeing one. Changing a clutch was always fun since the rear engine mounts were attached to the transmission instead of the engine. A 60 Detroit and a 10 speed trannie under the hood. Old Dutch was a really good customer. A lot of the later Astro 95s were Cummins powered. The replacement for the F/D-series "Crackerbox" COEs, the Astro was marketed by Chevrolet as the Titan, serving as the largest cabover trucks ever produced by General Motors. When the truck manufacturers decided to increase driver comfort in these trucks, their price increased as well. However, due to it's
Unless some ambitious individual comes along, chances are their next trip out will be their last. It was a family business dad, son, and grandson could all be found down the same hallway. It was like driving a bus! A few fleet delivery customers but mostly farmers who only used the trucks come harvest time. Even upon close investigation, it looked just like an ice cream sundae that had been forgotten and was melting all over the desk! In 1986, Volvo AB entered into a joint venture with General Motors in heavy-truck production, with Volvo taking an 85% stake. Oddly enough they still use what cabovers are left for boat transport. You could get Cummins and later the 3406 Cat, but the vast majority had 71 and 92 series Jimmys in them. In 1976, another 9 of length was allowed, for a maximum 75 allowance. The others weve seen feature yellow and blue interiors. We can order those things? It used a single hyd cylinder on the right hand side of the frame. EnterpriseVander Haags Inc Sp Spencer IA. The new model has replaced the line of C/M 90/9500 trucks. (first posted 2/3/2014) As one of the people whod been rallying for a Big Truck Week, I suppose its only fitting that I step up and post some. Buyer's premium included in price USD $458. Manytruckers complained that the ride was pretty rough, mostly due to the shortened wheelbase. Throughout the entire production run, the trucks were assembled in Pontiac, Michigan by the Pontiac Central Assembly facility. Please email mewith questions and comments! Expanding the product line to the Chevrolet brand, the replacement for the GMC Crackerbox sought to expand interior space, visibility, and driver ergonomics. 1900 GMC ASTRO 95 Day Cab Trucks Sold Price: USD $990.00 Auction Ended: April 10, 2021 Financial Calculator Machine Location: Boonsboro, Maryland 21713 Stock Number: 615 VIN: TGH928V900010 Drive Side: Left Hand Drive Compare J.G. Now for those of you who have seen dbl bunk Astro's yes there were some after market dbl bunk conversions. Our goal is to support you and your business. Oh man, how I love those old cabovers and the other rigs, especially the Petes. Call or email for more information. The first major update to the Astro was the Special Series trim
But, theyre almost all sitting in the weeds, done forever. And run they did. Its interesting to hear about what happens to these manufacturing companies when they close. . One problem with the big windshield was visibility into the truck. There are a few reasons this might happen: To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page. The GMC Astro is a heavy-duty class 8 cabover truck that was unveiled in 1969 as the replacement for the GMC cabover semi truck produced during 1960-1968 that received the nickname "Crackerbox" for its boxy-shaped cabin. The Astro was also GMs swan song in the big-truck sector, and it never sold in the numbers needed to keep GM truly viable. made it able to slip through wind better than other COEs at the
I was really taken with the Astro cab. A major factor leading to the cancellation was lack of support for heavy-duty trucks by Chevrolet dealers. The only other cabovers weve seen have a black, red, and blue interior. I was thinking WTF? I am trying to see if by some chance this trailer is still in existence. As such, several other trucks will be standing in for it at various points. Single rear axle. The driver would be the first guy at the scene of a head on accident. Sleeper Cab. However, there was a downside that accompanied this accessibility. Cabover Truck - COE Trucks For Sale in Provo, UT: 0 Cabover Truck - COE Trucks Near You - Find Cabover Truck - COE Trucks on Commercial Truck Trader. Another future COAL . White trailers with a big Food Lion graphic. GMC's Astro story originally begins in the early
It was pretty tiring crawling in and out of it and having to lie down to get dressed! 1900. trucks or the Turbo Titan III program, please
Search our large inventory of New/Used GMC ASTRO Cab, Misc Parts for sale. Left Hand Drive. They are truly special trucks, and I think were going to see many more of them on the road, as truckers restore them to drive, to relive some of the past. All rights reserved. The extensive use or hauling heavy cargo takes its toll on the state of your vehicle, which means that sooner or later you will need some GMC semi truck accessories and parts. I got to test drive one with a 9L CNG motor and Heil Frontloading refuse body Dec of 2012 and was impressed with it. White trailers with a big "Food Lion" graphic. Learn the dangers of a truck driver encounters when driving an Australian road train in the barren Outback and how trucking in Australia is so different from North America. They were once very common, particularly in fleet service. Cab is up in the air, a crack noise followed by some crunching sounds. [1] In 1979, the 6-71 was replaced by the 6V92, making all available Detroit Diesel engines V-engines; the 6V71 was discontinued after 1980.[1]. This was also used in the prototype
Following the launch of the cabover product line in 1969, the GMC Astro quickly exceeded the Chevrolet Titan in sales and market share. My extended family has owned and used that exact model of paddleboat on various lakes in Minnesota for close to four decades. Another controversial feature of it was
Heck, it reminds me of the good old days when there were way less laws and regs. Complete details for 1900 GMC ASTRO 95 For Sale In Boonsboro, . Tahoe where I used to work had a tough time getting to stuff on our Pete 320 LCFs. Year. To this day I still drive a cabover, 48 years and never owned a hood. the styling-the highly boxy shape made it commonly referred to as the
I have a 1983 GMC Astro cabover I had for a few years and slowly fixing it up when I have time to. This 1974 model was one of the last trucks to travel down the assembly line before the company went bankrupt in late 1974. COEs have been the standard in Europe since many decades, a conventional truck is rare. Additional information is available in this. The Titan was a very rare bird even when new. It is a full size cab with a single axel. One of the other farms runs a fleet thats all GMC on the older stuff. The total length of the cab was a mere 48 . The trucks, however, were not so lucky. 1984 GMC ASTRO 9500 Sleeper Trucks For Sale Price: USD $23,500 Get Financing* Horsepower: 350 HP VIN: 1GDT9L4C0EV542424 Fuel Type: Gasoline Drive Side: Left Hand Drive Contact Us (573) 544-6500 Sold By: Pierson & Son Trucks New Florence, Missouri 63363 Cochran Auctioneers & Associates LTD Boonsboro, Maryland. Air brakes. 1975 GMC Astro Cabover Truck - AS-IS. Drive Side. Cabover interiors use a different system from other car interiors in the same way that a car interior uses a different system. 15,875 views May 7, 2017 158 Dislike Share Hunzolee 1.37K subscribers 1986 GMC Astro cabover day cab at. AS IS Sold Price: USD $1,120.00 Auction Ended: Wed, Feb 17, 2021 4:04 PM View Buyer's Premium Financial Calculator Stock Number: 520 VIN: 1GDT9L4C1GV541124 Drive Side: Left Hand Drive 1978 GMC Astro 95
To draw attention to the brand, GMC launched the promotional campaign using several country cross-overs. The Astro 95 was the best-styled truck of its time, and one of the best ever. The auction would be my first, last, and only opportunity to snag one for myself. It
I wish I had shop space for those kind of projects, my wife gets annoyed when I leave a boat on our property for more than a few weeks. Special Series. Drove these trucks for years. with Rudkin-Wiley Airshield. So they let me keep the Titan 90 and I drove it till fall when I decided driving full time wasnt for me and I went back to being a mechanic. In contrast to other GM brands, a key requirement of GMC franchisees of the time was the ability to sell and service the entire GMC product line. There was a point when the cab would go over center, meaning gravity took over and the hyd system that was lifting the cab was now used to control cab movement by restricting the oil flow. The red caboose is made of metal too. (c) 2000, Evan McCausland. Independent front suspension, air-suspension all-round, an ultra-light forward-set alloy cab only 48 long, power steering, a complex fabricated frame that was 50% lighter, and the lightest diesel engine: This was the recipe for the most technologically advanced semi truck tractor in the world in 1959. Sleeper Type: CAB OVER: Part Info (877)238-5030 Request Info. Gauges for the trailer air supply and pressure were
Updated: Mon, Nov 14, 2022 1:32 PM Get Shipping Quotes - (Opens in a new tab) Apply for Financing - (Opens in a new tab) No image. This retro truck style is rising to the surface once again for particular working applications. It also has a black, white, The truck was still in warranty, the service rep didnt want to replace all the parts we planned on replacing. I was only supposed to keep the Titan until the Astro was fixed but I couldnt go back to that noisy sweat box now. Get to know the CB lingo used by truckers, so you can get in on the conversation, cmon. The cabover truck is an icon. The cabover is made of metal and the interior is black. These Astro cabs had (exterior) styling far ahead of their time, especially the ones with the smaller grille. I was a little concerned about the pieces that were twisted on the right front, yea they looked fine but I couldnt see taking a chance on this happening again. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_TK. Made money. For some reason most of the few I saw were rag-tag owner-ops out of Quebec. And so it was that I got my one and only surviving picture of the trucks at hand. If anyone knows about these powerplants in
economy. Just like this big Bedford and the Astro. It takes only one quick glance at a side view, above, to see how the F-Model GMC tilt-cab trucks and tractors of 1959-68 deserved the name "Crackerbox.". And when I came on in 2006, things werent looking pretty. Its powered by an NTC 400 Cummins, 15 speed, 433 ratio with dual air breathers. Anytime the driver wants anything from the bunk, the process is the same. Thats probably half the reason I was brought in: I worked cheap, I was willing to horse around with their archaic equipment, and I could manage to keep a sense of humor about it. He ran one as an O/O for a few years in the mid 1970s and then again as a company driver for Thrifty-Payless Drug stores in the early-mid 80s. If anyone out there knows of others or information on this truck please contact us. The Astro could be ordered with standard Detroit Diesel 6 or 8
Chevy Turbo Titan III. No; the Astro was unique to GMC and Chevrolet (Titan). wide panoramic glass provided excellent vision to the front and the
But never when I have my camera with me. The cabover has black, red, and white interiors. Vehicle runs, drives, stops. Guess which one I was most interested in? An Australian truck driver talks about the REAL BAD BOY big rig trucks that run through the Outback of Australia. But, with surprising candor, he began to lament his purchase of the truck having now done the math, he was expecting to take a big hit on it, and several other things hed won at that auction. It seemed certain that these once-proud rigs would be fed to the crusher soon. In the seven years I worked for them, however, none of the trucks ever moved. !, and please SUBSCRIBE, LIKE, COMMENT, hit the NOTIFICATION BELL, and have a look at our other channels:https://www.youtube.com/automototube - AutoMotoTube - Car and Motorcycle walkaround videoshttps://www.youtube.com/c/motorcycletube - MotorCycleTube - Motorcycle walkaround videoshttps://www.youtube.com/c/BoatTube - BoatTube - Motor and Sailing yachts walkaround videoshttps://www.youtube.com/c/Bicycletube - BicycleTube - Bicycle walkaround videoshttps://www.youtube.com/c/atvtube - ATVTube - All Terrain Vehicle walkaround videos The Only Old School Cabover Truck Guide Youll Ever Need, Old School Cabover Truck Photo Collection, The Clifford Truck Show Best Cabover Collection EVER, What It Was Like to Drive the Older Model Rigs, Trucker Culture and Professionalism A Salute to the Professionals That Move Us, 1980 International Transtar Eagle Model Review, The Peterbilt Cabover Truck Photo Collection, The 5 Best Semi Trucks of All Times A Trip Down Memory Lane. After a couple years of testing the idea was dropped due to the turbines poor fuel consumption. 1982 Marmon COE A 110P, with the rare option of a V-grill and V-bumper, which is known as the VIP package. All were late 70s vintage cabovers with sleepers and rooftop air deflectors, painted white, with the obligatorylogo on the door. The nose of the semi is flat and the truck cab sits on top of the diesel engine and steering axle. One of my regrets is that I wasnt yet smart enough to try to figure out how to save my fathers old 1947 Autocar 10-wheeler dump truck from the scrap yard. Used. I dont think Id ever consider trying to restore one. Gmc Astro Cabover Trucks For Sale Become a Partner 1995 Oshkosh Refrigerated Van Price : CALL Has Airconditioning, Steel Wheels, 225/70R/19.5 Tires Carrier Ultima Reefer This is a Cream Of Weber milk Van Rear length 14' Width 6'6" Door Width 3' Swing door 190 HP Diesel Engine 3-speed Automatic 6-cyclinder Turbo Salt Lake Salt Lake City [1] Featuring a (much) larger radiator grille, improvements to exterior and interior trim, the SS package was meant to market the Astro/Titan towards owner-operators. Ive never run a General, but the Brigadiers dont seem to hold up nearly as well as the Fords. There still seems to be a factory GM radio still installed in that rig, I always thought these had an interesting dash, semi wraparound, isolating the driver in the business section of the cockpit. ), But they couldnt just let the boats pile upthey had to get them out to the dealers somehow. Welcome to TruckTube!!! But, unfortunately, its also the one big truck for which Im most starved for pictures. TGH928V900010. . I drove one in 71 for two years, with a V12 Detroit engine. Ive got several more for later on in the week, but hey why not start with the biggest? 1987 GMC Astro 95
The top speed was right around 60 mph, the speed limit those days was 55 mph so many trucks were geared to keep the top speed down. Theirs was an Astro 95, of course; a 1978, if I recall. "A Brief Outline of the First Century of GMC Truck History - Generations of GM", Rigs of Rods; GMC Astro 95 & Chevy Titan 90, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GMC_Astro&oldid=1140760775, Articles needing expert attention from January 2017, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 17:11. Ford made a big cabover on air bag suspension that leaned in the corners and felt like it was going to tip over sideways when the driver climbed in or out. [2] For the 1969 model year, the GMC Crackerbox was replaced by the GMC Astro, while the Chevrolet Titan was unveiled for the 1970 model year.[3][4]. Not running. Maintenance and Repair A cabover is repaired by tilting the entire cab forward. They all share a few very obvious features that make them stand out, like a small seat in the middle that has a handle, a small door that is made of glass, and a small door that is made of plastic. During WWII, GM supplied the US Army with more than 600,000 GMC trucks. I would bet my paycheck that the truck and trailer were originally owner by Old Dutch Potato Chip Company. Bid History for 1975 GMC Astro 95 Cabover Truck - AS-IS Auction Start Date: 06/03/21 5:11 PM ET Auction End Date: 06/17/21 9:03 PM ET Asset ID: 1453 . 1979 Peterbilt, 352 Cabover This Peterbilt has been beautifully restored by its owner! Out here, the farmers still run Brigadiers, Generals, and Ford Louisvilles. The Titan had a 290 Cummins and 10 speed Roadranger and the A/C worked! I cant say I have a soft spot for Brigadiers. It was truly a great truck. You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser. American Brands: AMC, Jeep and All Others, Tractors, Lawn Mowers, Off-Road Equipment, Big Truck Outtake: GMC Astro 95 It Makes Me Want To Go Boating. The nose of the semi is flat and the truck cab sits on top of the diesel engine and steering axle. It was a nice truck but harder to get into tight spots and I was partial to the cabovers. The trucker literally must stand up on the seat of the truck and crawl over theengine, which is positioned between the seats! My first impression? The Kenworth cabover, better known as the bull nose, was built with comfort and driver safety in mind. The first 1,000,000 miles of my driving was in trucks like these. None were roadworthy, only one was able to be started, and perhaps worst of all, no titles could be produced for any of them. The cabover truck design is outdated for the North American highway infrastructure. Maneuvering a big trailer was a real workout. Upgrades to the truck's suspension improved its handling and ride, as well. Hes the one that hired me. Their sales as a result, started to dwindle, as a conventional style rig was almost the same price as these flat nose trucks, and they were considerably more comfortable. I happened to be at the yard a few days later, and saw the big old GMC roll in on a lowboy trailer. The large carriers who were the big buyers of cabovers, switched over to the conventional style rig, and the bottom rapidly fell out of the market for them in North America, thus the fall in popularity of these trucks. The GMC Astro is a heavy-duty class 8 cabover truck that was unveiled in 1969 as the replacement for the GMC cabover semi truck produced during 1960-1968 that received the nickname Crackerbox for its boxy-shaped cabin. I thought the truck fit me perfectly and I became a part of it whenever we were on the road. The Road Commander cab has certainly outlived the Astro, granted only tangentially as the White/WhiteGMC/Volvo/Autocar/etc Xpeditor, further modified as the modern day Autocar ACX. Cabover interiors are all essentially the same but they all have a few differences. "[1][2] Available in a 48-inch BBC (bumper to back of cab) length, the truck was produced with an all-aluminum fully tilting cab. Manual transmission with Hi-Lo. Add To Cart. They would haul trailer loads of potatoes in from Idaho with these rigs. Still, he remained hopeful that the tons (literally) of aluminum pontoon parts hed also bought would make up for it. Mainly, they were
Wild dashboard, what a shame that there isnt really any use for these old beasts once they get on in years . I had lots of scares over the years but that one was probably the most tense because it took a quite of bit of time to pull this off and get that cab sitting back down on its mounts. Had a fairly new one in for service, it had the largest sleeper size available, I think it was a queen size mattress, maybe king? of these honorable trucks on the road today. They are all different shapes and sizes, and are also all designed to fit different people. As I left the yard that day, I watched as the dilapidated Astrowas being hacked apart by a small herd of torch jockeys. One of my old neighbors was one of the mechanics that worked there until retiring shortly before the warehouse closed.. (I think the warehouse closed during the early 1990s) If I remember right, he told me most of the ones at Fort Wayne were Detroit powered, although there was some Cummins powered as well, with 7 speeds. The only parts in stock were routine maintainence and some high wear items. Is this the same model International Transtar? Did find the high-res original of that pic, but alas, no GPS information or other pictures for context. Today, you can still find a fair amount
GMC Astro cabs were built almost entirely out of aluminum, with SMC fiberglass-reinforced plastic doors, and were offered in three lengths: the short 55-inch non-sleeper cab, a 75-inch sleeper cab and an 87-inch sleeper cab. Its a FACTORY double bunk. relocated to next to the trailer air brake lever itself, as shown. awkward shapes, it did not receive good aerodynamic ratings, and cut fuel
In the late 1960s, as American truck manufacturers introduced updated designs for cabover trucks, design work began on an all-new Class 8 cabover. The TM had 4 head lights and double bumpers to differentiate it and they had larger more powerfull engines than the TK range but the cab was shared. I had a Grand National at the time and it was very tempting for me to consider trading it off for one but I didnt want another car payment so that was that. I may well have been the only guy in the Yellow Pages who knew what they meant by thickwire.. In fact they were as cold as hell! . Great truck and photo. The left front cab mount failed, the cab has swung around to the right some and landed on the motor. Instruction, clear advice, videos and photos for truck driver skills, maneuvers and information for all professional truck drivers. On the sweeping floors it may be profitable. Back in the 70s when I started selling parts I had a few customers that ran the BowTie versions called the Titan and Bruin. This gives good access to the motor for maintenance and repair. Cabovers werent necessary dangerously. Downtime means lost income. Its been stretched, and also has a tag axle. William C. Durant established General Motors (GM) as the holding company for Buick on September 16, 1908. I spotted this rig several weeks ago while taking a shortcut I rarely use, coming back from picking up a load of equipment bound for the office. In the period from 1978 to 1988, General Motors offered the GMC Brigadier, a heavy-duty class 7-8 short-hood truck available in straight-truck and semi-tractor configurations.
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