pennsylvania building code for decks

Open Gov Portal The use of nonstructural fibers shall conform to ASTM C 1116. Act 35 of 2017 and Controller's Office Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The accessibility provisions adopted are also subject to the design contract provisions stated previously. Chapter 2 Definitions. Permits are in place to ensure the safety of you, your family, your guests, and your neighborhood. The IBC requires 42" high guardrails. Here in Pennsylvania, permit and inspection requirements for decks vary from municipality to municipality. Wall height shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm). Pennsylvania Building Codes Codes CurrentCurrent Building Code 2018 of Pennsylvania IBC 2018 with amendments Residential Code 2018 of Pennsylvania IRC 2018 with amendments Existing Building Code 2018 of Pennsylvania IEBC 2018 with amendments Fire Code 2018 of Pennsylvania IFC 2018 without amendments Plumbing Code 2018 of Pennsylvania Where the frost protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure, the horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall extend along the adjoining foundation in accordance with, Horizontal insulation placed less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the ground surface or that portion of horizontal insulation extending outward more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the foundation edge shall be protected against damage by use of a, The use of foam plastic in areas of "very heavy" termite infestation probability shall be in accordance with, For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m, Clean crushed stone shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Over 90% of Pennsylvanias 2,562 municipalities elected to administer and enforce the UCC locally. Building Code 2018 of Pennsylvania based on the International Building In Act 106 of 2008, the General Assembly established the RAC, whose members represent industry sectors that participate in the various aspects relating to building construction including building component design, construction, building code enforcement and local government representation. All exterior footings shall be placed at least 12 inches (305 mm) below the undisturbed ground surface. However, regardless of the specific requirements, it is imperative that you adhere to setback regulations, as failing to do so can leave you liable to class action from an aggrieved neighbor. Sill plate anchorage shall be in accordance with Sections, Wood foundations enclosing habitable or usable spaces located below, A porous layer of gravel, crushed stone or coarse sand shall be placed to a minimum thickness of 4 inches (102 mm) under the, A 6-mil-thick (0.15 mm) polyethylene vapor retarder shall be applied over the porous layer with the, In areas where a high water table or other severe soil-water conditions are known to exist, exterior foundation. Building codes are in place to ensure safety, and virtually every state and municipality enforces codes for deck construction. Try for Free. Sometimes new opportunities or family changes lead to unexpected home sales. The construction of buildings and structures in accordance with the provisions of this code shall result in a system that provides a complete load path that meets the requirements for the transfer of loads from their point of origin through the load-resisting elements to the foundation. Alternative reinforcing bar sizes and spacings having an equivalent cross-sectional area of reinforcement per lineal foot of wall shall be permitted provided the spacing of the reinforcement does not exceed 72 inches. Decks not supported by a dwelling need not be provided with footings that extend below the frost line. Chapter 9: Roof Assemblies, Residential Code 2009 of Pennsylvania | UpCodes The Department also has sole jurisdiction for all elevators and all state-owned buildings, no matter where they are located. Adams, Dickey, Golden Valley, Hettinger, LaMoure, Oliver, Ransom, Sargent, Sioux, Ashland, Crawford, Defiance, Holmes, Huron, Knox, Licking, Morrow, Paulding, Putnam, Richland, Seneca, Williams, Berks, Blair, Bradford, Cambria, Cameron, Centre, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Crawford, Elk, Forest, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jefferson, Lackawanna, Lycoming, McKean, Pike, Potter, Susquehanna, Tioga, Venango, Warren, Wayne, Wyoming, Bennett, Custer, Fall River, Lawrence, Mellette, Shannon, Todd, Tripp, Bon Homme, Charles Mix, Davison, Douglas, Gregory, Jackson, Jones, Lyman, Beadle, Brookings, Brown, Campbell, Codington, Corson, Day, Deuel, Edmunds, Faulk, Grant, Hamlin, Kingsbury, Marshall, McPherson, Perkins, Roberts, Spink, Walworth, Carbon, Daggett, Duchesne, Rich, Sanpete, Uintah, Wasatch, Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, Orange, Washington, Windsor, Kenosha, Kewaunee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth. Note: Will require Zoning Approval. International Building Code 2018 (IBC 2018) Change Code. Note: Once a permit or license has been issued, refunds are not provided. This regulationbecame permanent upon approval by theIndependent Regulatory Review Commission on December 6, 2018. Users of Plan Analyst in Pennsylvania have included: Visit the U.S. Department of Energy website to see the latest on energy code adoption in Pennsylvania, including the use of COMcheck and REScheck Energy Code compliance software. Tonight, the City-County Building is illuminated in a standard colorful roatation with no affilation. For decks and porches over 30 high or having a roof, a Permit is required. For SI:1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPa, For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPa. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. This guide includes tables for sizing all structural elements including footings. There is a list of applicable codes on L&I's website. All load-bearing lumber shall be identified by the, For wood foundations that are not designed and installed in accordance with AF&PA PWF, the height of backfill against a foundation wall shall not exceed 4 feet (1219 mm). Building Codes | pittsburghpa.gov Pennsylvania UCC states that Permits must be issued within 15 working days if not returned to the applicant for . Where the roof sheathing is less than 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) thick, the . Openings through a perimeter wall shall be not less than 16 inches by 24 inches (407 mm by 610 mm). There are multiple ICC Chapters in Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania code adoption status on the ICC website. Since the 2018 accessibility standards were in effect before December 25, 2021 and were unchallenged, all structures must still comply with the 2018 accessibility requirements. International Building Code 2018 (code for all buildings and structures not regulated by the International Residential Code: Building Code Board of Appeals Name Robert Ditchcreek Forty-mil (1 mm) polymer-modified asphalt. This is not to say that you are hiding the fact that you have an unpermitted deck; it is just that you will need to go through the same steps from the beginning again. By definition, a permit needs to be acquired before you start the building process. A completed Residential Deck Applicationand Residential Building Permit Applicationshall be submitted. authority to promulgate and enforce this plumbing code Commercial decks attached to multi-family buildings, such as apartment buildings or businesses, are regulated under the International Building Code (IBC). R406 Foundation Waterproofing and Dampproofing, Chapter 13 General Mechanical System Requirements, Chapter 19 Special Fuel-Burning Equipment, Chapter 22 Special Piping and Storage Systems, Chapter 37 Branch Circuit and Feeder Requirements, Chapter 39 Power and Lighting Distribution, Chapter 43 Class 2 Remote-Control, Signaling and Power-Limited Circuits, Appendix A Sizing and Capacities of Gas Piping, Appendix B Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped With Draft Hoods, Category I Appliances, and Appliances Listed for Use With Type B Vents, Appendix C Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct-Vent Venting Systems, Appendix D Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance Installation, Appendix E Manufactured Housing Used as Dwellings, Appendix G Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs, Appendix J Existing Buildings and Structures, Appendix M Home Day Care - R-3 Occupancy, Appendix Q ICC International Residential Code Electrical Provisions/National Electrical Code Crossreference, The provisions of this chapter shall control the design and construction of the foundation and foundation spaces for all buildings. Even if you are building your deck for your own use and you have no plans to sell your home in the foreseeable future, the record of the permit will be filed. Horizontal insulation shall be extruded polystyrene insulation. One-eighth inch (3.2 mm) coat of surface-bonding cement complying with ASTM C 887. Residential Code 2015 of Pennsylvania. Foundations protected from frost in accordance with Figure R403.3(1) and Table R403.3(1) shall not be used for unheated spaces such as porches, utility rooms, garages and carports, and shall not be attached to, Foundations that adjoin frost protected shallow foundations shall be protected from frost in accordance with, Vertical wall insulation and horizontal insulation of frost protected shallow foundations that adjoin a slab-on-ground foundation that does not have a monthly mean temperature maintained at a minimum of 64F (18C) shall be in accordance with, Where a frost protected shallow foundation abuts a structure that has a monthly mean temperature maintained at a minimum of 64F (18C), horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall not be required between the frost protected shallow foundation and the adjoining structure. Plumbing Code adopted under this chapter. The revised regulations adopting the 2018 I Code series as reviewed and amended by the Review and Advisory Council (RAC) have an effective date of February 14, 2022. Chapter 11, Appendix E of the International Building Code of 2018 and any other accessibility requirements contained in the 2018 I-codes referenced by the Uniform Construction Code were published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin and became effective on June 15, 2019. Soils with a low potential expansion typically have a plasticity index (PI) of 0 to 15, soils with a medium potential expansion have a PI of 10 to 35 and soils with a high potential expansion have a PI greater than 20. fences _____ Sample List of Code Violations: Multifamily Dwellings . In either case, you are allowed to build taller guardrails as long as they conform to all other requirements stated in the code. More than 10 percent of the soil particles are less than. Payment (Residential Building Permit Fees): Payment in full must be made before we can release the Permit or perform any inspections. 1. While there are certainly processes for getting your deck up-to-code if you didnt have a permit before building, these are much more of a hassle and may require a full reconstruction of your deck. Stair location, geometry and all railings and/or guarding. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Permits are the best way to ensure that you do not have to navigate a family tragedy or expensive legal and insurance fees down the road. a Deck Railing Height Codes & Requirements | Decks.com Part III Building Planning and Construction, Chapter 13 General Mechanical System Requirements, Chapter 14 Heating and Cooling Equipment and Appliances, Chapter 19 Special Appliances, Equipment and Systems, Chapter 22 Special Piping and Storage Systems, Chapter 37 Branch Circuit and Feeder Requirements, Chapter 39 Power and Lighting Distribution, Chapter 43 Class 2 Remote-Control, Signaling and Power-Limited Circuits, Appendix A Sizing and Capacities of Gas Piping, Appendix B Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped With Draft Hoods, Category I Appliances, and Appliances Listed for Use With Type B Vents, Appendix C Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct-Vent Venting Systems, Appendix D Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance Installation, Appendix E Manufactured Housing Used as Dwellings, Appendix G Piping Standards for Various Applications, Appendix J Existing Buildings and Structures, Appendix T Recommended Procedure for Worst-Case Testing of Atmospheric Venting Systems Under N1102.4 or N1105 Conditions 5ACH, Appendix U Solar-Ready ProvisionsDetached One- And Two-Family Dwellings, Multiple Single-Family Dwellings (Townhouses), Section N1102 (R402) Building Thermal Envelope, Section R310 Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings, Section R312 Guards and Window Fall Protection. Expansion Index greater than 20, determined in accordance with ASTM D 4829. For garage floors with a steel troweled finish, reduction of the total air content (percent by volume of, Structural reinforcing steel shall meet the requirements of ASTM A 615, A 706 or A 996. General Construction . Most jurisdictions follow the International Building Code, which devotes one sectionR507to deck construction. Building Code We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Soils meeting all four of the following provisions shall be considered expansive, except that tests to show compliance with Items 1, 2 and 3 shall not be required if the test prescribed in Item 4 is conducted: Footings for wood foundations shall be in accordance with, For buildings where the monthly mean temperature of the building is maintained at a minimum of 64F (18C), footings are not required to extend below the frost line when protected from frost by insulation in accordance with Figure R403.3(1) and Table R403.3(1). Pennsylvania Building Code : State of Pennylvania : Free Download City Clerk's Office Contract Bids Code Requirements for Decks | Hunker Plan Analyst code compliance software programs make it easy for building officials, architects and other designers to quickly perform commercial and residential building code plan reviews / code studies. Community Development Block Grant Program, Comprehensive Municipal Pension Trust Fund, Watch our Community Forum about Pools and Decks, Design for Code Acceptance #6 - Prescriptive Residential Wood Deck Construction Guide, Designed prescriptively per American Wood Councils . Most permits require at least simple plans to verify the legitimacy of your proposed work. Penn State Engineering: PA Uniform Construction Code Here in Pennsylvania, permit and inspection requirements for decks vary from municipality to municipality. Steel columns shall not be less than 3-inch-, The under-floor space between the bottom of the floor joists and the earth under any building (except space occupied by a, Access shall be provided to all under-floor spaces. Interior covering. Deck Railing Codes There will be paperwork attached with your Permit explaining when inspections will be done during the construction process. and to make any changes it deems necessary if the Table values are based on reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi. All joints in membrane waterproofing shall be lapped and sealed with an adhesive compatible with the membrane. Depending on where you live, you will likely need to have plans approved (again, reflecting what has already been built) and inspections of the construction. Residential Code 2009 of Pennsylvania. A municipality within a county of the second class Residential Deck Information | pittsburghpa.gov Over 90% of Pennsylvania's 2,562 municipalities have elected to administer and enforce the UCC locally, using their own employees or via certified third-party agencies (private code enforcement agencies . Pittsburgh, PA 15224. Uncovered deck where the floor of the deck is no more than 30" (762 mm) above grade. Building 5. Note: Will require Zoning Approval Decks Requiring a Building Permit For all other decks, a Building Permit and Occupancy Permit will be required. As such, the Department amended paragraph (a)(1) of Section 403.21 to add Section 3006 of the IBC of 2015. Municipalities are permitted to adopt ordinance specifying a period prior to August 14, 2022. )/v pD|8?fl yrT"2_KNHBTU0ZS t@QM6W@x }\D8HOO)1ZrEpKG,`r)D xos[yLw#Et(-N2+y/7Dk4;Pi+g/z}xA'u8 A9qsA Certified third party agencies hired by property owners (or their contractors) enforce the residential requirements of the UCC in all opt-out municipalities. T he purpose of 2015 Changes to the Pennsylvania Uniform Construc- tion Code is to familiarize builders, building officials, fire officials, plans examiners, inspectors, design professionals, contractors and others in the construction industry with the changes in the 2015 Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC).This publication is designed to assist those code This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. That way, you can feel confident in the safety of your deck and in the resale value of your home. For decks and porches over 30" high or having a roof, a Permit is required. Please go to "Regulations and Statutes" for further information. An improperly installed deck could collapse or could be a serious fire hazard. ASTM A 996 bars produced from rail steel shall be Type R. In buildings assigned to, Reinforcement shall be secured in the proper location in the forms with tie wire or other bar support system to prevent displacement during the, Vertical and horizontal wall reinforcement shall be the longest lengths practical. Concentrated loads and their points of application; The percolation rate for good drainage is over 4 inches per hour, medium drainage is 2 inches to 4 inches per hour, and poor is less than 2 inches per hour. Part III Building Planning and Construction, Chapter 13 General Mechanical System Requirements, Chapter 14 Heating and Cooling Equipment and Appliances, Chapter 19 Special Appliances, Equipment and Systems, Chapter 22 Special Piping and Storage Systems, Chapter 37 Branch Circuit and Feeder Requirements, Chapter 39 Power and Lighting Distribution, Chapter 43 Class 2 Remote-Control, Signaling and Power-Limited Circuits, Appendix A Sizing and Capacities of Gas Piping, Appendix B Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped With Draft Hoods, Category I Appliances and Appliances Listed for Use With Type B Vents, Appendix C Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct-Vent Venting Systems, Appendix D Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance Installation, Appendix E Manufactured Housing Used as Dwellings, Appendix G Piping Standards for Various Applications, Appendix J Existing Buildings and Structures, Appendix T [RE] Solar-Ready ProvisionsDetached One- And Two-Family Dwellings and Townhouses. Current Codes For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa. Where applicable, the depth of footings shall also conform to Sections, Except where otherwise protected from frost, foundation. Office: 412-578-8385 . Search a chapter, section, or keyword in the search bar. PDF Homeowner's Guide to the Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code The minimum specified compressive strength of. Joints of the vapor retarder shall overlap by 6 inches (152 mm) and shall be sealed or taped. Chapter 3: Building Planning, Residential Code 2018 of Pennsylvania Act 36 of 2017 went into effect October 25, 2017. Here at Integrous, we are happy to provide all plans and details needed to obtain your deck permit. If youre installing a deck on a commercial property, you also need to make sure that your deck adheres to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Instead of a complete geotechnical evaluation, when top or subsoils are compressible or shifting, they shall be removed to a depth and width sufficient to assure stable moisture content in each active zone and shall not be used as fill or stabilized within each active zone by chemical, dewatering or presaturation. Slabs on ground with turned down footings shall have a minimum of one No. The center of the steel shall not vary from the specified location by more than the greater of 10 percent of the wall thickness or, The minimum thickness is permitted to be reduced 2 inches, provided the minimum specified compressive strength of. Pennsylvania Bulletin outlines the changes that will occur in the Regulations. Enforcement of the UCC began in April 2004. We will ensure that the entire deck construction is above board. We are currently utilizing the 2009 International Residential Code in Pennsylvania and will continue to do so until the end of 2012. . The Department of Licenses and Inspections (L&I) enforces the City's codes for the safe and lawful construction and use of buildings. Pennsylvania Building Codes | UpCodes Pennsylvanias statewide building code is generally known as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC). When returning the Building Permit Application, the following items are required: Blank typicalforms (to fill in your information): Application and Plans Review: When you bring your plans into the office, the permit technician will check your application and plans submission for completeness and verify who is to be contacted when the Permit is ready to be issued. Plasticity Index (PI) of 15 or greater, determined in accordance with ASTM D 4318. 200 sieve (75 mm), determined in accordance with ASTM D 422. (1) and, Where reinforcement is required by this code to terminate with a standard hook, the hook shall comply with, Requirements for installation of masonry veneer, stucco and other wall coverings on the exterior of. For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa. However, there are a number of rules of thumb when setting out to build a new deck. Traditionally, the ICC has published fire and smoke protection features for elevator lobbies in Chapter 7 of the IBC. These pages provide information regarding Pennsylvania's statewide building code, generally known as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC). A collapsed deck can cause severe injury and even death. Potential buyers will be turned off by the risks of a home without the proper permits and inspections. The Pennsylvania Construction Code Act (Act 45 of 1999) established a State building code, the Uniform Construction Code (UCC), that must be complied with in all Pennsylvania jurisdictions. Pennsylvania UCC states that Permits must be issued within 15 working days if not returned to the applicant for additional changes or information. NOTE: Any decks other than single story wood decks 8 feet or less in height measured from finish grade to finished deck surface shall require submittal of construction drawings. 3901 Penn Avenue. If you attempt to build a deck without a permit, you run the risk of doing physical and economic harm to yourself and your community. 1st deck RAILINGS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW 36 "minimum height when surface is 30" + above grade Sixty-mil (0.22 mm) solvent-free liquid-applied synthetic rubber. Decks less than 30 high (measured from grade) do not require a Building Permit. Expanded sheet metal plates not less than 0.047 inch (1.2 mm) thick. Website Release Notes York, PA 17405 York, PA 17401 (717) 849-2329 (717) 744-8315 . Installing any deck that is more than 30" above ground level at any point around the perimeter . Users of Plan Analyst in Pennsylvania have included: Building and Residential Code Resources in Pennsylvania Similarly, the IBC brings together the time-honored practices with new technologies and developments in architectural design. Wall construction shall be in accordance with either Table R404.1.1(2), Table R404.1.1(3), Table R404.1.1(4), or a design shall be provided. NR indicates no vertical reinforcement is required. Decks & Porches - Central Keystone Council of Governments - CK-COG % Chapter 4: Foundations, Residential Code 2009 of Pennsylvania | UpCodes Since then, various codes issued by the ICC, including the International Building Code (IBC), have been adopted, in whole or in part, by reference into the UCC. This Subchapter cited in 34 Pa. Code 5.118 (relating to transportation, machinary, and platforms); 34 Pa. Code 5.165 (relating to repairs); 34 Pa. Code 5.181 (relating to general); 34 Pa. Code 11.52 (relating to heating and passing rivets); 34 Pa. Code 13.172 (relating to platforms); 34 Pa.Code 29.148 (relating to oiling and UCC Codes. The permit and license fees for the Department of Permits, Licenses, and Inspections undergo periodic adjustments. stream 45 of 1999, which is also commonly referred to as the Uniform Construction Code (UCC). Please see our page on the California Building Standards Commission for more information on these documents. Pennsylvania has rules governing building construction which apply throughout the state. The sizing for wood members are based on exposure to exterior conditions and weather treatment of certain wood species, both of which reduce structural capacity. American Institute of Architects AIA Pennsylvania represents architects in the state. Construction drawings prepared and sealed by a PA licensed architect or engineer. See Figure R403.3(2) or Table R403.3(2) for Air Freezing Index values. More than 10 percent of the soil particles pass a No. Online Shelter Permit The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate shall not exceed one-fifth the narrowest distance between sides of forms, or three-fourths the clear spacing between reinforcing bars or between a bar and the side of the form. There are over 8,500 registered and reciprocal architects in Pennsylvania. Deck joists shall be permitted to cantilever not greater than onefourth of the actual, adjacent joist span. OneStopPGH, Boards, Authorities, Commissions However, if your construction is not up-to-code, you will be required to get it up-to-code, and inspectors will ensure that you do. Fasteners for asphalt shingles shall be galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper roofing nails, minimum 12 gage [0.105 inch (3 mm)] shank with a minimum 3 / 8-inch (10 mm) diameter head, ASTM F 1667, of a length to penetrate through the roofing materials and a minimum of 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) into the roof sheathing. UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction. Over 90% of Pennsylvania's 2,562 municipalities have elected to administer and enforce the UCC locally, using their own employees or via certified third party agencies (private code enforcement agencies) that they have retained. (2) Outside stairs shall only serve as an exit for floors three or fewer stories above grade. One of the following is provided for the under-floor space: The finished ground level of the under-floor space shall be equal to or higher than the outside finished ground level on at least one side. Vertical reinforcement shall be located to provide a cover of 1.25 inches measured from the inside face of the wall. Today, most permits ensure that new structures adhere to the International Building Code (IBC). Allamakee, Black Hawk, Boone, Bremer, Buchanan, Buena Vista, Butler, Calhoun, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Dickinson, Emmet, Howard, Kossuth, Lyon, Mitchell, O'Brien, Osceola, Winneshiek, Androscoggin, Cumberland, Hancock, Kennebec, Waldo, Washington, Aroostook, Franklin, Oxford, Penobscot, Piscataquis, Somerset, Alger, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Emmet, Iosco, Kalkaska, Lake, Luce, Mackinac, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ogemaw, Osceola, Otsego, Roscommon, Schoolcraft, Wexford, Baraga, Dickinson, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette. rules and regulations under the Local Health Administration Law (16 P.S. So while you will need to check with your local building codes before embarking on new construction, here is what you can expect regardless of where you live. Dx)) +AYq9jTWGg:v_. When the height of fill is more than 12 inches (305 mm) above the interior, For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per cubic foot = 0.1572 kN/m, Wood sill plates shall be a minimum of 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) nominal lumber.