can you drink coffee on carnivore diet

However, they should be consumed in moderation because the protein powder used to make them is a form of processed protein and can contain added sugar, artificial flavor, sweeteners, and other chemicals (see examples below). If not, just plain tap water is fine. Disclaimer:The information in this post is for reference purposes only and not intended to constitute or replace professional medical advice. From: Prevalence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in Arabic coffee (Coffea arabica): Protective role of traditional coffee roasting, brewing and bacterial volatiles. If you dont add cream, milk or sugar to your coffee, the main thing you get from drinking coffee is caffeine. (3 Health Risks & Tips). A study in 2002 that sought to find the origin of this advice found no scientific studies supporting it. I thought about coffee differently. On a carnivore diet, you can eat red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. Theyre also often contaminated with harmful molds and bacteria. Furthermore, as mentioned above in the alcohol and coffee sections, caffeine is an addictive stimulant that interferes with the normal healthy function of your brain and can cause many health problems. I decided to dig a bit deeper and did some googling. [39, 40, 41, 42]. It was because of his new diet. Oxalate can bind with calcium and other minerals to form oxalate crystals, the main ingredient in kidney stones. What about Carnivore diet snacks? Raw Meat Vs Cooked Meat on the Carnivore Diet. Coffee beans, like other plant foods, contain different quantities of the dangerous fungus known as mycotoxins [1]. It stops you from feeling what you are supposed to feel. start tapering off. You'll likely need to stay under 50 grams of net carbs (total carbs minus fiber) per day, ideally below 20 grams. Since the presence in mycotoxins in coffee isnt common knowledge, most companies dont get their beans tested. There is also evidence suggesting that protein supplements may enhance muscle mass and performance. Coffee is the most contradictory thing you can consume while eating a carnivore diet. [6, 7]. (Although too much magnesium can have a laxative effect, so dial in your dose slowly.) These healthy minerals can help you overcome the severe withdrawal side effects, especially if you instantly quit coffee. Caffeine simply stops your body from functioning as it should. "Coffee can be a part of your life, as long as it's working for you." Phew. On the other hand, 62% of Americans rely on coffee to get them through the day. 1 drop nutmeg vitality essential oil. If you cant choose the least processed possible. The candida diet is a low-carbohydrate, anti-inflammatory diet that may reduce your risk of yeast infections by preventing the overgrowth of Candida . Table of Contents The Philosophy Behind Eliminating Plant Foods on a Carnivore Diet Does Coffee Have Plant Toxins? link to Raw Meat Vs Cooked Meat on the Carnivore Diet. 3 cups hot coffee I use decaf. If you can afford and have access to, the best water to drink would be mineral water and spring water. The general rule is to let your body guide you and drink to thirst. When you consume coffee frequently, you build up a tolerance to it. Health authorities concluded that acrylamide is a human health concern, however, results of observational studies in humans are inconclusive. Can you drink coffee on a carnivore diet? Other electrolytes supplements like magnesium, may also assist with digestion. However, most people dont drink coffee for the nutrients, they drink coffee because of the caffeine and what it does to their bodies. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. So if a cup of Joe makes it more likely that youll stick with carnivore foods rather than reaching for other substances to fill the void, then its probably a net positive. Here's a quick (but not really enjoyable) list. Is Pork Healthy? If you are trying to lose weight with the carnivore diet, milk should also be eliminated or consumed sparingly because of its sugar content. For those following a carnivore diet, this amount of caffeine should be enough to provide a boost of energy without any adverse side effects. It's a pretty simple formula, and as an . A typical menu for a day on the carnivore diet can be: Breakfast: 4-ounce ribeye, two eggs and bacon cooked in butter. Lets have a look at those below and see why you should not drink coffee on the carnivore diet or on any other diet for that matter. It may seem hard to believe but a raw meat diet has recently become a new hype. Similarly, a 591 mL bottle of Powerade has 35g of carbohydrate, all of which is added sugar.[24]. Carnivore has been understandably controversial. Please consult a qualified medical professional before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle. Studies have also shown many benefits of drinking coffee. There is evidence of health benefits from moderate alcohol consumption such as brain, gut, and heart health, psychological benefits such as lowering stress and depression and increasing pleasant and happy feelings, plus some other health benefits. You should avoid flavored milk like chocolate milk and strawberry milk which is usually high in added sugar, calories and contain additives.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-leader-3','ezslot_22',189,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-leader-3-0'); The table below shows the nutrition in whole milk and some flavored milk sold by Walmart and Morning Fresh Dairy Farm. In addition to getting the caffeine, you are also getting other harmful substances that are not widely known including acrylamide, ochratoxin, aflatoxins, pesticides and herbicides. There are some cases where it is negative for you to intake continual artificial sweeteners, typically when you are addicted to caffeine and zero carb drinks like soda, for example. Sports drinks may also contain minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium as well as vitamins. Can you drink coffee on a carnivore diet? and some other fruits. Tanninsare a type of polyphenols that produce an astringent or bitter taste in green tea. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'allthingscarnivore_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',173,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Drinks that are great on the carnivore diet are water, bone broth, and milk. One cup of black coffee has about 96 mg of caffeine. That said, trusted brands like Bulletproof Original Coffee, and Peak Performance have made their names by claiming to provide quality mycotoxin-free coffee. This is the ultimate elimination diet that has been shown to heal others with autoimmune disease and serious health conditions with the healing power of meat. There are many claims of health benefits of herbal teas and they are often used as home remedies for various issues from calming effects and mood-lifting or to treating cold, cough, and sleeping difficulty.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_20',187,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Some observational studies suggest there may be associations between herbal tea consumption and a reduced risk of liver and thyroid disease. I think the powder differs from grocery-bought mushrooms because they are concentrated extracts rather than raw fresh plant foods. Are sports drinks okay? As you can see, a cup of whole milk contains 12g of natural sugar but a cup of low-fat chocolate and strawberry milk contains 28g and 22g of sugar respectively. 11 / 14. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. Though many other coffee companies claim to use mold-reducing practices and undergo testing, we were unable to find brands other than the two above that share their results. Yes, you can drink coffee on the carnivore diet if you are not being very strict for health reasons and you enjoy it as there are health benefits to drinking good quality coffee. Why some animals can handly phytate, humans cant. While many researchers believe that exposure of humans to relatively low levels of acrylamide in the diet will not result in clinical neuropathy, some neurotoxicologists are concerned about the potential for its cumulative neurotoxicity. Consuming coffee is not allowed on the carnivore diet because it's plant food and has harmful plant toxins. Instantly quitting coffee when transitioning to the carnivore diet can cause severe withdrawal side effects. You probably have heard of the 8 x 8 recommendation which is to drink eight 8-ounce glasses a day. More than 90% of the coffee consumed today is non-organic, i.e. Read More Visual guides For more on specific topics - like what fruits or nuts to eat on a ketogenic diet - check out our popular visual guides Read More Planning keto Top coffee producers today are Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Uganda, Mexico and Guatemala. Quitting cold turkey is an alternative if you are willing to cope with a lot of withdrawal symptoms in a short period of time. Instantly quitting coffee when transitioning to the carnivore diet can cause severe withdrawal side effects. Raw Meat Vs Cooked Meat on the Carnivore Diet. Dairy is sometimes allowed. Dehydration can happen if you drink coffee on the carnivore diet. (Risks & Safety Tips), Should I Eat Meat During Pregnancy? Wine has a high sugar content, which can help to control hunger. 5. Lemon juice is safe to include in the carnivore diet since it helps satisfy vitamin C demands for people who do not consume organ meat. In the brain, adenosine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and promotes sleep and suppresses arousal. It is the major component of most body parts. However, its important to note, that like other plant foods, coffee can expose you to plant toxinsin this case potentially harmful molds. The animal foods are things like fatty cuts of meat (ribeye is a perennial favorite), grass-fed ground beef, eggs, seafood, sources of animal fat like butter, tallow or suet (beef kidney fat) and for some people, dairy. For a more detailed review of risks associated with caffeine consumption, please read, Tannins. When following a zero-carb diet, it is critical to stay hydrated. Reducing your testosterone and ability to build muscles, Causing dehydration and loss of micronutrients, Commercial alcohol can contain many harmful substances. In a ruling against Starbucks and other coffee sellers in California in 2018, a judge had ordered these companies to post cancer warnings on coffee sold given the evidence linking acrylamide to cancer. No, you cannot drink coffee when on a carnivore diet. I have written at length about this topic detailing the evidence and expressing my view as to why coffee should definitely be avoided in this post, so I wont go into further detail here. 6 hours after ingesting it, there is still about 50% of caffeine remained in your body. However, in a 2018 global study titled No level of alcohol consumption improves health examining the impact of alcohol on injury and disease and published inThe Lancet, the authors conclude that: The conclusions of the study are clear and unambiguous: alcohol is a colossal global health issue and small reductions in health-related harms at low levels of alcohol intake are outweighed by the increased risk of other health-related harms, including cancer. link to Raw Meat Vs Cooked Meat on the Carnivore Diet. If you are currently on the standard American diet and want to start the carnivore diet, you will have to quit soft drinks, sugary snacks, processed foods, carbs, and other plant food. Based on available evidence, in my view, you should not drink coffee on the carnivore diet or any other diet for that matter because coffee contains: caffeine, a stimulant that interferes with the normal healthy functioning of your brain, acrylamide, a byproduct of the roasting process which is a neurotoxin and a carcinogen, No, the caffeine itself that's naturally in the plant is protecting the plant from insects, and I'm consuming that in my coffee. And that is how you gradually become dependent on caffeine to function. Our ancestors would just have natural water which would have contained some organic matter and a bit of mineral. You should avoid regular coffee beans while starting a carnivore diet because theyre not animal foods and will conflict with your eating routine. Nuts (pistachios, walnuts, almonds). *optional add in's*. Just like when you have a headache, joint pain or back pain, taking pain-relief medications only stops you from feeling the pain temporarily and does nothing to fix the underlying problems. [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28], However, in a comprehensive review of research to date regarding the safety and safe doses of caffeine consumption, Temple et al (2017) reported that for healthy adults, caffeine consumption is relatively safe, but that for some vulnerable populations, caffeine consumption could be harmful, including impairments in cardiovascular function, sleep, and substance use. However, some people believe that coffee is not compatible with a carnivore diet because it contains caffeine. If you would like to find out more about this topic, please read this post. The question of Coffee on the carnivore diet is both simple and nuanced. Lunch: 3 ounces of salmon and 6 ounces of shrimp. Before chugging down that cup of fresh coffee brew, here are potential reasons why that might not be a good idea if youre on a carnivore lifestyle. Oxalate crystals can cause damagesto the eyes, immune system, neurological system, GI tract, and connective tissues, Caffeine. Long-life milk, homogenized and ultra-heat-treated. [2]if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-box-4','ezslot_7',178,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-box-4','ezslot_8',178,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-box-4-0_1'); .box-4-multi-178{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:15px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:15px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}, Adenosine is a nucleoside that occurs naturally in all cells of the body. Drinking enough water also helps to replenish the fluids you lose when exercising. [37, 38], Based on the result of animal studies, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified acrylamide as a group 2A carcinogen for humans. The carnivore diet purists will say that you shouldn't drink coffee on the carnivore diet, and they bring up some great points. Should You Avoid Coffee on the Carnivore Diet? Daily requirements for a SAD diet can't be strapped onto a carnivore diet. Acrylamide can be found in food (French fries and potato chips; crackers, bread, and cookies; breakfast cereals; canned black olives; prune juice; and coffee), cigarette smoke, and other products (plastics, grouts, water treatment products, and cosmetics). [50]if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-leader-2','ezslot_20',191,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-leader-2-0'); Pesticides contain terbufos are banned in the EU because the chemical is so toxic, skin contact can kill you. Get expert tips and tricks for succulent, perfectly seasoned meat dishes. The carnivore diet eliminates plant foods because we dont need them, and they contain plant chemicals that can cause us harm. It may seem hard to believe but a raw meat diet has recently become a new hype. You should not drink coffee on the carnivore diet or any other diet for that matter because coffee contains:if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-leader-2','ezslot_21',191,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-leader-2-0'); The benefits of coffee consumption in humans are based on observational studies only which only show associations and cant prove causation. Though coffee is not a carnivore diet food, there are so many benefits to drinking coffee in moderate amounts that it is likely a net positive for most people. This is because while the health benefits of tea on humans are inconclusive due to the nature of epidemiological studies, antinutrients in tea such as oxalate, caffeine, tannins, and phytate are proven to be harmful. Raw milk intended for human consumption, directly from cows to glasses, is very safe. If you are a pregnant woman, breastfeeding mother, bodybuilder, or health compromised person; it is absolutely fine to consider drinking milk in your carnivore diet. No, you shouldn't drink coffee on a carnivore diet. Eating nothing but meat is a bold suggestion. I only did it in a week, by shortening the brew time, then had decaf for a couple of days and I was done. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. For example, in an investigation in the coffee-growing industry in Brazil, it is found that coffee is sprayed with pesticides that are illegal in the EU because they are extremely toxic and can cause serious acute and long-term health problems. Carnivore Alternatives to Coffee If you are planning to follow the carnivore diet, and are a regular coffee drinker, then you should not quit cold turkey. Oxalate. Coffee on the carnivore diet is not recommended for beginners because it's a plant food. However, a 2015 review of all epidemiological studies to date did not find statistically significant evidence of human health risks associated with OTA exposure. fruits (pomegranate, apples, lemons). We all know that there is no such thing as a "carnivore diet". Coffee can also contribute to gut permeability. A Complete Guide 2022, about 2.7 liters (91 ounces) a day for women, If you suspect that you may be sensitive to milk or dairy products in general, try to eliminate it for a period of time and see how you feel and then reintroduce it later. Try bite-sized nibbles like these Air Fryer Steak bites or ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2023 DOCTOR ROBERT KILTZ. After you have transitioned to the carnivore diet, you can try to quit it gradually, for example, by reducing the number of cups drunk a day gradually, shortening the brew time, and/or switching to green tea which has less caffeine before quitting it completely. A good way to do this . Bone broth is also a way of honoring an animals sacrifice by not wasting any part and is very easy to make. [44, 45]if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-leader-3','ezslot_21',189,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-leader-3-0'); Ochratoxins are mycotoxins produced by some fungal species. Tannins can also obstruct the absorption of iron. Green and decaf tend to have higher levels. My brother and I got on the carnivore diet a few weeks ago, and being a heavy coffee drinker, I struggled to avoid caffeine during this time. This decision was, however, overturned later by a superior court judge in 2020, but still it is an indication of how serious a risk acrylamide is. And they actually did for 3 years. For example, Pourshahidi et al (2016) reviewed 1,277 studies on the potential health benefits and risks of coffee consumption and concluded that: Overall, the results of this comprehensive review show that the health benefits (or null effects) clearly outweigh the risks of moderate coffee consumption in adult consumers for the majority of health outcomes considered. Herbal teas have anti-nutrients, however, they do not contain caffeine which interferes with the proper functioning of your brain and is highly addictive. Has anyone been in a similar situation to me and switched to carnivore (or similar) and seen benefits? As mentioned above, Ive quit coffee while doing research for this post. The best protein sources are from whole foods like fresh meat or raw milk. Should You Drink Coffee on a Carnivore Diet? The best milk to reintroduce and test out intolerance is raw milk, if you can access to safe a raw milk supply. Please consult a qualified medical professional before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle. If you want a drink, choose low carb beverages and drink in moderation. So when you drink coffee on the carnivore diet, it might make you urinate more often. To make it keto, skip the latte order and request a chai tea with a couple splashes of heavy cream and two pumps of sugar-free vanilla syrup instead. Flavored milk can also contain coloring, flavoring, processed sugar, and other additives. The vitamins and minerals are simply a marketing tactic, people dont drink sports drinks for the nutrients, they drink them for the boost of energy due to the sugar. Nevertheless, given observational studies cant prove causality and only show associations, in short, we dont know for certain whether coffee consumption has health benefits overall or poses health risks in humans. Do you need electrolytes? If you dont have any specific health issues with dairy, milk is a great addition to your carnivore diet. If you usually drink 4 cups of coffee per day, start drinking 3 cups a day for a week, then 2 cups for another week, until you reach 1 cup a day. The three drinks that are the best on the carnivore diet are water, bone broth, and milk. Out of curiosity, he went back to his ketogenic diet, which included greens and dairy, but he didn't feel as . Chai tea is one of those classic comfort drinks. The most common types of milk you find in the supermarket are: If you dont have access to raw milk, its best to stick to the least processed milk as possible which isfull cream, pasteurized but unhomogenized. The tiredness or sleepiness doesnt go away, you are just not feeling it. Studies have found that: If youre concerned about reducing your exposure to mycotoxins there are a few effective approaches you can take to protect yourself. A widely consumed psychostimulant, as mentioned above caffeine interferes with the normal healthy functioning of your brain and have an adverse impact on your health in general. caffeine, a stimulant that interferes with the normal healthy functioning of your brain and has an adverse impact on your health in general. acrylamide, a byproduct of the roasting process which is a neurotoxin and a carcinogen, ochratoxin, a fungal mycotoxin that is a nephrotoxin, a liver toxin, an immune suppressant, a potent teratogen, and a carcinogen, and. Some people even claim that switching from cooked meat to raw meat has been a game changer for their health. This means that coffee and other plant-based beverages are also forbidden on this regimen. However, I recently discovered that dehydration is one primary reason for feeling sluggish or less energetic. You should stop drinking coffee on a carnivore diet because you risk getting dehydrated. If you have a desire to drink something other than water, or eat . With weaning your way out, you gradually quit coffee. Water is essential for life while bone broth and milk are both animal-sourced, super nutritious, and free from anti-nutrients. I decided to research whether having coffee on the carnivore diet is fine. It helps deliver oxygen all over the body, keeps your mucosal membranes moist, allows your bodys cells to grow, survive, and reproduce. And if tea isn't your thing, you can get a mushroom-coffee combination, which is what most of my keto carnivore friends prefer. Read on to find out what is in coffee and why you should definitely give it up if you can plus some tips to help you quit coffee gradually. However, all samples showed OTA levels below the limit suggested by the European Union. Coffee plants grown at high altitudes have none to very low mycotoxins. . What Do Vegans Eat? IDEAL MICRONUTRIENT BLEND- Formulated with experts to include a 2:1 sodium:potassium ratio along with other crucial electrolytes for cell performance. The only two cases where you should not drink milk are if you are sensitive to dairy products or if you are trying to lose weight with the carnivore diet. Looking at the above list, the two best types of water to drink are probably spring water and mineral water. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',181,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Without your usual dose of caffeine, you will suffer from serious withdrawal symptoms such as headache, low energy, irritability, and anxiety. This is a link to a super-easy bone broth recipe that also has many tips and troubleshooting for newbies. If you still find yourself hungry but can't stomach any more meat go for half half Cream blend it with half Stick or more of butter and shake some cinnamon and nutmeg in, it will curb your craving for a "treat" and it's loaded with fat, cholesterol and a bunch of vitamin A. However, in moderation once you're accustomed to the diet, it can be beneficial. Theyre also often contaminated with harmful molds and bacteria. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. The term herbal teas refers to drinks made from brewing leaves, flowers, or roots of plants, apart from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis).if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'allthingscarnivore_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_18',186,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-allthingscarnivore_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); There are many kinds of herbal teas, some common ones are ginger, lemon, chamomile, peppermint, rooibos, hibiscus, rosehip, dandelion root, cinnamon, lemongrass, fenugreek, stinging nettle, and echinacea. Phytate in tea can reduce the absorption of minerals such as iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium from food. Causing massive health and social problems worldwide. The FDA does not recommend people stop eating roasted, fried, and baked goods because of acrylamide. Some people in the carnivore community strongly advocate taking magnesium supplements because magnesium is one of the nutrients that are very difficult to get enough of on the carnivore We are a team of dedicated researchers who are committed to bringing you free quality information about all aspects of the carnivore diet so that you can learn about the diet and make decisions that are best for your health. [5]. Many of these are developing countries and producers are subject to less stringent regulations with regard to the use of chemicals in their coffee crops. (Risks & Benefits), Is Wild Game Meat Safe to Eat? There are things that can be obviously Yes and No with Carnivore, in this video, I show some examples and then also talk about the ones somewhere in the middle. "Still," Kilgour adds, "I'd recommend incorporating bone broth into your diet. If you're instantly quitting black coffee as you start the meat lifestyle, you might experience these caffeine withdrawal symptoms [2]: If these become severe and unbearable, seek professional medical advice. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure . There are so many factors that can affect your health, diet is just one of them. I love bone broth because it's a tremendously satiating drink that I can enjoy either for breakfast or a midday snack, and it keeps me feeling fuller for longer. [53, 54], Reviews of mostly observational studies on health benefits and risks of coffee consumption generally find that overall health benefits outweigh risks. Most coffee growers know this, and some try to grow toxin-free coffee which is premium-priced on the store shelves. If you think you need electrolytes after a strenuous exercise, make a sports drink yourself with a few drops of mineral and electrolytes. Typically, you can only purchase powdered mushroom extract combined with a type of tea, such as green tea. If you are considering introducing coffee to your carnivorous diet, check with your doctor first to be sure it is healthy. In some reviews of acrylamide toxicity, it has been categorized as potentially a human carcinogen. "Due to the acidity in lemon juice, you should drink in moderation to avoid tooth attrition." But in 2014, over 364,000 kg of pesticides containing terbufos were sold in the state of Minas Gerais which produces half of all coffee in Brazil. Required fields are marked *. True to her words, my headache and other withdrawal symptoms were alleviated, and my energy levels increased without any dose of caffeine.